Atlantic salt marsh snake: Difference between revisions
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[[File: | [[File:Atlantic_salt_marsh_snake.jpg|alt=Atlantic salt marsh snake (Nerodia clarkii taeniata)|thumb|320px|'''[[Atlantic salt marsh snake]]'''<br/> ''Nerodia clarkii taeniata''<br/>Status: [[:Category:Endangered Species|Threatened]]]] | ||
<p><i><b>Nerodia clarkii taeniata</b></i>, commonly known as the <b>Atlantic salt marsh snake</b>, is a species of semiaquatic, nonvenomous, colubrid snake found only in the Atlantic coast salt marshes of Volusia and Brevard County, Florida.</p> | |||
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<h2><span id="Etymology">Etymology</span></h2> | |||
<p>The specific name, <i>clarkii</i>, is in honor of American surveyor and naturalist John Henry Clark (1830-1885).</p> | |||
<h2><span id="Description">Description</span></h2><p>Salt marsh snakes grow to a total length (including tail) of 15 inches (38 cm) to 30 inches (76 cm), and are highly variable in pattern and coloration. Populations of the <b>Gulf salt marsh snake</b> (<i>N. c. clarkii</i>) from the vicinity of Corpus Christi, Texas, to the Gulf Hammock region of Florida are gray, tan or yellow with four brown to black longitudinal stripes.</p><p>Populations in Florida from Tampa Bay south to Miami and northward along the Atlantic coast to the vicinity of Cape Canaveral are referred to as the <b>mangrove salt marsh snake</b> (<i>N. c. compressicauda</i>). This subspecies exhibits many colors and patterns and can be gray, green, or tan with darker banding or may even be solid reddish orange or straw yellow.</p><p>A third subspecies, the <b>Atlantic salt marsh snake</b> (<i>N. c. taeniata</i>), is restricted to a small stretch of coastline in Volusia and Indian River Counties, Florida. This race is smaller than the other two and has a color pattern of four dark stripes on the neck which are replaced by a series of dark blotches or bands on the posterior portion of the snake's body. It is currently listed as a Threatened Species by the US Fish and Wildlife Service.</p> | |||
<h2><span id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</span></h2> | |||
<p>Some sources consider the three races of <i>N. clarkii</i> to be subspecies of the southern water snake, <i>Nerodia fasciata</i>. Others consider not only the three races of <i>N. clarkii</i>, but also the species <i>N. fasciata</i> itself, all to be subspecies of <i>N. sipedon</i>.</p><h3><span id="Subspecies">Subspecies</span></h3><p>The following three subspecies of <i>N. clarkii</i> are recognized as being valid, including the nominotypical subspecies.</p><ul><li><i>Nerodia clarkii clarkii</i> <small>(Baird & Girard, 1853)</small> – Gulf salt marsh snake</li><li><i>Nerodia clarkii compressicauda</i> <small>(Kennicott, 1860)</small> – mangrove salt marsh snake</li><li><i>Nerodia clarkii taeniata</i> <small>(Cope, 1895)</small> – Atlantic salt marsh snake</li></ul> | |||
<h2><span id="References">References</span></h2> | |||
<h2><span id="External_links">External links</span></h2><ul><li>Herps of Texas: <i>Nerodia clarkii</i></li><li>Texas Parks & Wildlife: Gulf Salt Marsh Snake</li></ul> | |||
<h2><span id="Further_reading">Further reading</span></h2> | |||
<ul><li>Baird SF, Girard CF (1853). <i>Catalogue of North American Reptiles in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Part I.—Serpents.</i> Washington, District of Columbia: Smithsonian Institution. xvi + 172 pp. (<i>Regina clarkii</i>, new species, p. 48).</li><li>Boulenger GA (1893). <i>Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume I., Containing the Families ... Colubridæ Aglyphæ, part.</i> London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiii + 448 pp. + Plates I-XXVIII. (<i>Tropidonotus clarkii</i>, p. 238).</li><li>Conant, Roger; Bridges, William (1939). <i>What Snake Is That?: A Field Guide to the Snakes of the United States East of the Rocky Mountains</i>. (With 108 drawings by Edmond Malnate). New York and London: D. Appleton-Century Company. Frontispiece map + viii + 163 pp. + Plates A-c, 1-32. (<i>Natrix sipedon clarkii</i>, pp. 105–106 + Plate 20, Figure 57).</li><li>Cope ED (1895). "On some new North American Snakes". <i>American Naturalist</i> <b>29</b>: 676-680. (<i>Natrix compressicauda tæniata</i>, new subspecies, pp. 676–677).</li><li>Kennicott R (1860). "Descriptions of New Species of North American Serpents in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington". <i>Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia</i> <b>12</b>: 328-338. (<i>Nerodia compressicauda</i>, new species, pp. 335–336).</li><li>Powell R, Conant R, Collins JT (2016). <i>Peterson Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Fourth Edition</i>. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. xiv + 494 pp., 47 Plates, 207 Figures. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974">ISBN 978-0-544-12997-9. (<i>Nerodia clarkii</i>, pp. 414–415 + Plate 40).</li></ul> | |||
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==Documents== | ==Documents== | ||
* [https://www. | * [https://www.fnai.org/PDFs/FieldGuides/Nerodia_clarkii_taeniata.pdf FNAI - Atlantic salt marsh snake (''Nerodia clarkii taeniata'') (PDF 2pp)] | ||
==Web Links== | ==Web Links== | ||
* [https://myfwc.com/wildlifehabitats/profiles/reptiles/snakes/ | * [https://www.fws.gov/species/atlantic-salt-marsh-snake-nerodia-clarkii-taeniata USFWS Atlantic salt marsh snake (''Nerodia clarkii taeniata'')] | ||
* [https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/7729 ECOS Atlantic salt marsh snake] | |||
* [https://myfwc.com/wildlifehabitats/profiles/reptiles/snakes/atlantic-salt-marsh-snake/ FWC Atlantic salt marsh snake Nerodia clarkii taeniata profile] | |||
* [https://eol.org/pages/1243758 EOL Atlantic salt marsh snake (''Nerodia clarkii clarkii'')] | |||
* [https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=209380#null ITIS Nerodia clarkii taeniata] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 11:23, May 23, 2022
Nerodia clarkii taeniata
Status: Threatened
Nerodia clarkii taeniata, commonly known as the Atlantic salt marsh snake, is a species of semiaquatic, nonvenomous, colubrid snake found only in the Atlantic coast salt marshes of Volusia and Brevard County, Florida.
Etymology
The specific name, clarkii, is in honor of American surveyor and naturalist John Henry Clark (1830-1885).
Description
Salt marsh snakes grow to a total length (including tail) of 15 inches (38 cm) to 30 inches (76 cm), and are highly variable in pattern and coloration. Populations of the Gulf salt marsh snake (N. c. clarkii) from the vicinity of Corpus Christi, Texas, to the Gulf Hammock region of Florida are gray, tan or yellow with four brown to black longitudinal stripes.
Populations in Florida from Tampa Bay south to Miami and northward along the Atlantic coast to the vicinity of Cape Canaveral are referred to as the mangrove salt marsh snake (N. c. compressicauda). This subspecies exhibits many colors and patterns and can be gray, green, or tan with darker banding or may even be solid reddish orange or straw yellow.
A third subspecies, the Atlantic salt marsh snake (N. c. taeniata), is restricted to a small stretch of coastline in Volusia and Indian River Counties, Florida. This race is smaller than the other two and has a color pattern of four dark stripes on the neck which are replaced by a series of dark blotches or bands on the posterior portion of the snake's body. It is currently listed as a Threatened Species by the US Fish and Wildlife Service.
Taxonomy
Some sources consider the three races of N. clarkii to be subspecies of the southern water snake, Nerodia fasciata. Others consider not only the three races of N. clarkii, but also the species N. fasciata itself, all to be subspecies of N. sipedon.
Subspecies
The following three subspecies of N. clarkii are recognized as being valid, including the nominotypical subspecies.
- Nerodia clarkii clarkii (Baird & Girard, 1853) – Gulf salt marsh snake
- Nerodia clarkii compressicauda (Kennicott, 1860) – mangrove salt marsh snake
- Nerodia clarkii taeniata (Cope, 1895) – Atlantic salt marsh snake
References
External links
- Herps of Texas: Nerodia clarkii
- Texas Parks & Wildlife: Gulf Salt Marsh Snake
Further reading
- Baird SF, Girard CF (1853). Catalogue of North American Reptiles in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Part I.—Serpents. Washington, District of Columbia: Smithsonian Institution. xvi + 172 pp. (Regina clarkii, new species, p. 48).
- Boulenger GA (1893). Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume I., Containing the Families ... Colubridæ Aglyphæ, part. London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiii + 448 pp. + Plates I-XXVIII. (Tropidonotus clarkii, p. 238).
- Conant, Roger; Bridges, William (1939). What Snake Is That?: A Field Guide to the Snakes of the United States East of the Rocky Mountains. (With 108 drawings by Edmond Malnate). New York and London: D. Appleton-Century Company. Frontispiece map + viii + 163 pp. + Plates A-c, 1-32. (Natrix sipedon clarkii, pp. 105–106 + Plate 20, Figure 57).
- Cope ED (1895). "On some new North American Snakes". American Naturalist 29: 676-680. (Natrix compressicauda tæniata, new subspecies, pp. 676–677).
- Kennicott R (1860). "Descriptions of New Species of North American Serpents in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington". Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 12: 328-338. (Nerodia compressicauda, new species, pp. 335–336).
- Powell R, Conant R, Collins JT (2016). Peterson Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Fourth Edition. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. xiv + 494 pp., 47 Plates, 207 Figures. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974">ISBN 978-0-544-12997-9. (Nerodia clarkii, pp. 414–415 + Plate 40).
