View source for IRLNews:2021-03-01/NASA Causeway Bridges and Beyond

{{News Link
|Title=NASA Causeway Bridges and Beyond
|Url=https://indianriverlagoonnews.org/guide/index.php/IRLNews:2021-03-01/NASA_Causeway_Bridges_and_Beyond
|Image=Nasa Causeway Bridge SR405 2021 01.jpg
|Description=NASA passes ownership of the SR405 Indian River Causeway to the Florida Department of Transportation along with a decades old categorical exclusion that exempts the bridge replacement from environmental review.
|Access_Date=2021-03-01
|Location=Titusville
|Region=Brevard County
|Water_Body=Estuary
|Type=Opinion-Editorial
|Sub_Title=What does KSC's Future hold for the Indian River Lagoon?
|Text_Body=The 1960's NASA causeways across the Indian and Banana River lagoons were constructed during a furious Cold War space race that completely disregarded the environment in the name of national security.

It wasn’t until 1970 that the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) was passed to regulate the environmental impact of Federal Agencies. NEPA requires federal organizations to adhere to a defined environmental review of their activities.<ref>[https://www.nasa.gov/green/nepa/process.html NASA and the National Environmental Policy Act], retrieved 2021-02-28</ref>

There are 4 levels to a NEPA review, the first is Categorical Exclusion (CATEX), which allows a federal agency to list any activities that should be excluded from environmental review.<ref>[https://environmental.ksc.nasa.gov/environmentalplanning/nepa KSC NEPA], retrieved 2021-02-28</ref> NASA has Categorically Excluded most all of its activities in the name of national security.<ref>[https://www.nasa.gov/green/nepa/catex.html NASA Categorical Exclusions], retrieved 2021-02-28</ref>

==SR405 Indian River Bridge Rebuild==
[[File:Florida State Road 405.png|128px|frameless|right|SR405]]

NASA is the Indian River Lagoon National Estuary's largest shareholder, and their mission statement includes promises of environmental stewardship, yet they continue to perpetuate outdated causeways that have constricted Indian River, Banana River and Mosquito Lagoon water flow for decades.

NASA's project to rebuild the 1964 Indian River Bridge avoided a NEPA environmental review when NASA Categorically Excluded the project, and then named the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) as a co-agency on the project. As a federal co-agency the FHWA inherited the bridge project’s Categorical Exclusions from NASA.

In 2017, NASA signed over ownership of the SR405 Indian River Causeway to the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT)<ref>[https://disposal.gsa.gov/servlet/servlet.FileDownload?file=00Pt0000003L7XtEAK KSC Targeted Asset Review 2017 -07-14 (PDF 18pp 685KB)], retrieved on 2021-02-28</ref> . A convenient 2016 FHWA - FDOT Agreement allowed FHWA to transfer the rebuild project's Categorical Exclusions to FDOT.

And so, FDOT now owns the SR405 Indian River Causeway, and the state's rebuild project is exempt from environmental review.

A 57 year old earthen berm causeway; hurriedly constructed during the Cold War; built years before environmental regulations were enacted; will continue to constrict over 80% of the Indian River lagoon at Addison Point.<ref>[https://indianriverlagoonnews.org/guide/index.php/Info:NASA_Causeway_Indian_River Info:NASA Causeway Indian River]</ref>

Unfortunately, the Indian River Bridge project's lack of environmental review is just an indication of what is ahead for the national estuary.

==And Beyond==
[[File:NASA_KSC_Suitability_map_web.jpg|480px|thumb|right|KSC Property Suitability]]
NASA is quickly working to divest it’s non-mission critical facilities and vacant land at Kennedy Space Center (KSC). 

The 2017 KSC Master Plan displays a map showing over 8,000 acres of "developable" property available for commercial development, including areas deep in the heart of a National Wildlife Refuge and a National Seashore.<ref>[https://masterplan.ksc.nasa.gov/-/media/Master%20Plan/PDF-Word-Doc/NASA-KSC-Executive-Summary-2017.ashx 2017 KSC Master Plan (PDF 10pp 16.12MB)], retrieved 2021-02-28.</ref> 

NASA is the reason these wilderness areas exist in the first place. KSC had commandeered more land than it needed, so NASA gave it to the National Park Service (NPS), and Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), to manage as Canaveral National Seashore (CANA) and Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge (MINWR). 

Now, NASA is offering up the land it set aside as public wilderness areas for commercial development. [https://www.fws.gov/refuge/Merritt_Island/Proposed_Shiloh_Launch_Complex.html.aspx Fish and Wildlife Service: Proposed Shiloh Launch Complex in Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge]

For decades, we have trusted NASA to be a good environmental steward for the largest stretch of undeveloped land on Florida’s East Coast, yet it appears that the MINWR and CANA wilderness areas are in grave jeopardy. 

United States citizens stand to lose a National Wildlife Refuge, a National Park, and numerous archeology sites if NASA's plans for Kennedy Space Center are successful.


==A National Space Center Becomes A State Run Space Port==
The 2017 KSC Master Plan outlines NASA’s intention to transition day to day operation of the launch center to SpaceFlorida, in what is to become Cape Canaveral Spaceport.

Cape Canaveral Spaceport's 2017 Master Plan<ref>[https://www.spaceflorida.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/sf-bod-approved-ccs-master-plan-02-01-17.pdf Cape Canaveral Spaceport's 2017 Master Plan], retrieved 2021-02-28.</ref> makes no mention of the environment, their mission is to provide public launch facilities for the commercial space industry's tourists and freight. 

In the future, Space Florida's spaceport, and it’s many commercial tenants, will be individually responsible for their parcel of Kennedy Space Center's environment. 



* ''Should a 2021 state run commercial spaceport inherit the same environmental exclusions that NASA's KSC received during the 1960's Cold War?''


* ''Should our National wilderness areas be parceled out for commercial space development?''


* ''Can commercial space organizations be good environmental stewards for our National Wildlife Refuge, National Seashore, and the lagoons of the Indian River Lagoon National Estuary?''


'''''To be continued...'''''


==See Also==
* [[Info:NASA Causeway Indian River]]

==Web Links==
* [https://www.floridatoday.com/story/news/2019/09/13/removing-beachline-earthen-causeways-would-improve-banana-river-water-quality/2284290001/ Florida Today - Removing Earthen berm causeways would improve Banana River water quality]
* [https://www.fws.gov/refuge/Merritt_Island/Proposed_Shiloh_Launch_Complex.html.aspx FWS:MINWR - SpaceFlorida's Proposed Shiloh Launch Complex in Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge]
* [https://amp.floridatoday.com/amp/3559508001 Blue Origin to fill wetlands for Rocket Test Site] 
* [https://defenders.org/newsroom/environmental-organizations-spotlight-inadequate-oversight-faa-of-spacexs-boca-chica Environmental organizations spotlight inadequate oversight by FAA of SpaceX’s Boca Chica testing facility, call for an EIS]
* [https://masterplan.ksc.nasa.gov/ Kennedy Space Center Master Plan]
* [https://www.spaceflorida.gov/ Space Florida]
* [https://www.spaceflorida.gov/spaceport-development/ Cape Canaveral Spaceport]

==Documents==
* [https://masterplan.ksc.nasa.gov/-/media/Master%20Plan/PDF-Word-Doc/NASA-KSC-Executive-Summary-2017.ashx 2017 KSC Master Plan (PDF 10pp 16.12MB)]
* [https://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/pdf/634026main_future-concept.pdf 2012-2031 KSC Future Development Concept (PDF 44pp 3.78MB)]
* [https://www.spaceflorida.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/sf-bod-approved-ccs-master-plan-02-01-17.pdf 2017 Cape Canaveral Spaceport Master Plan (PDF 68pp 20.86MB)]
* [https://static.tti.tamu.edu/conferences/tsc20/presentations/consultant-mgmt/kirwan-bove-mcgehee.pdf NASA Causeway Bridge Replacement Project Development and Final Design FDOT - Volkert 2020-10-14 (PDF 29pp 9.34MB)] 
* [https://disposal.gsa.gov/servlet/servlet.FileDownload?file=00Pt0000003L7XtEAK GSA KSC Indian River Bridge Targeted Asset Review (PDF 18pp 685KB)]
* [https://spacecoasttpo.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/NASA-Cswy-Flyer-FINAL-12-6-18.pdf 2018-12-06 NASA Causeway Bridge Project Development and Environment (PD&E) Study Flyer (PDF 2pp 1.78MB) ]
* [https://nbbd.com/events/cityimages/191017-nasa-causway-bridge-hearing.pdf 2019-10-17 FDOT NASA Causeway Bridge Public Meeting Notice (PDF 2pp 108KB)]
* [https://www.navcen.uscg.gov/pdf/bridges/publicNotices//D07PN05-20_NasaCausewayBridge_AtlanticIntercoastalWaterway.pdf USCG NASA Indian River Bridge Public Notice and Bridge Plans (PDF 19pp 12.5MB]
* [https://www.fws.gov/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=2147572367 MINWR The Shiloh Area and Proposed Launch Site (PDF 1p 197KB)]

==References==
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|Topic=Brevard County Locale
|Poster=Admin
|Posted=20210228165959
}}