Mathers Bridge Historic Engineering Record
Historic American Engineering Record Mathers Bridge (HAER N0. FL-22) By Sarah Payton, Architectural Historian Archaeological Consultants, Inc. Published January 2004
Introduction
Located in Brevard County, Florida, the Mathers Bridge spans the Banana River, connecting southern Merritt Island to Indian Harbour Beach located on the Canaveral Peninsula on Florida's East Coast. The bridge carries County Road 3, known as Tropical Trail on the west side of the bridge and Banana River Drive on the east. The bridge consists of the historic steel truss swing span ( constructed 1927), modern reinforced concrete slab approach spans ( constructed 1982) and a modern control house (1982). This documentation is limited to the historic swing span portion of the Mathers Bridge. Constructed by the Austin Brothers Bridge Company, the Warren type pony truss was originally part of a moveable bridge over Kingsley Creek in Nassau County, Florida. This bridge was replaced in 1949. As a result, the swing span was removed, relocated, and installed in the Mathers Bridge in Brevard County.
The bridge is within Sections 10 and 11 of Township 27 South, Range 37 East, of the Tropic, United States Geological Survey Quadrangle (1949, Photorevised 1980).[1] Documentation of the historic swing span of the bridge was conducted in order to provide a record of the resource as part of mitigation for the bridge rehabilitation, scheduled for completion in 2004. A Memorandum of Agreement was signed between the consulting parties (United States Coast Guard, State Historic Preservation Office, and Brevard County Board of County Commissioners) stipulating the preparation of Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) Level II documentation of the historic swing span.
Historical Context
The 1920s was a period of unprecedented growth in Florida. Following World War I, tensions were relieved and the economy was revived. State road programs, which had begun in the early twentieth century, were well underway, with major road projects complete by the early 1920s. This led to a surge of tourism and increased population, resulting in a construction boom for buildings, as well as infrastructure and transportation facilities. Prior to 1926, Merritt Island and the southern end of the Cape Canaveral peninsula were accessible only by boat. This led to the construction of several new bridges. The town of Eau Gallie constructed a bridge across the Indian River, just south of Merritt Island, in 1926. Around the same time, John Mathers, a pioneer settler of Merritt Island, initiated the organization of a group of people to finance the construction of a bridge at the southern end of Merritt Island. Plans for the bridge over the Banana River had actually been approved in February 1910.[2] The proposed structure would connect Merritt Island to the southern end of the Cape Canaveral peninsula. The group financing the new bridge backed out of the project, but Mathers was determined and continued without them. He withdrew $40,000.00 from his savings and began construction in 1926.[3][4] The original design consisted of twenty-four timber frame approach spans and a swing span, to allow ships to pass through the navigable channel of the Banana River.[5] The pilings for the new bridge were constructed from cypress lumber shipped from Jacksonville. The Mathers Toll Bridge formally opened on June 16, 1927, charging 15 cents during the week and 25 cents on the weekend.[6]
John R. Mathers and his wife, Rebecca Home, came from Taylor County to Brevard County in 1883, when John was 22 years of age. They established their residence in City Point, a small community north of Cocoa. In addition, they purchased six acres of land, for $1.25 per acre, on the southern end of Merritt Island. Mathers commuted by boat along the Indian River from his home in City Point to his land on Merritt Island, where he grew pineapples, beans, and citrus. Soon after his arrival on Merritt Island, a small settlement began to develop. The settlement, known as Tropic, was located approximately one-half mile north of the present-day Mathers Bridge. By the mid-l 890s, John Mathers established a residence on Merritt Island in an old packinghouse; however, his family remained in City Point. Eventually the entire Mathers family, which included eight children, moved to Eau Gallie from City Point. This allowed John to be with the family and continue to farm his land on Merritt Island. While in Eau Gallie, Mathers operated the Riverview Hotel and a general store, and commuted by boat to Merritt Island. The commute grew tiresome and eventually, in 1910, plans were created for a bridge connecting Merritt Island to the Cape Canaveral Peninsula and the Atlantic Ocean. Once a bridge was erected from Eau Gallie to the peninsula, in 1926, it was only a matter of months before Mathers received his permit for the construction of the Mathers Bridge. At the time Mathers constructed the toll bridge, there was no electricity at the southern end of the island. The wooden drawbridge was operated manually from the center of the bridge with a wooden wheel, which remains on the west side of the riverbank. In 1934, John R. Mathers died at the age of 73.[6] Immediately following Mathers' death, it is unclear who maintained the toll bridge.
A more detailed toll schedule was eventually established for the bridge. According to an article in Florida Today, by Jaye Wright[7], the schedule stated rates were as follows:
| pedestrians | 5 cents |
| horse and rider | 15 cents |
| horse, driver, and vehicle | 20 cents |
| two horses pulling a vehicle | 25 cents |
| each mule, ox, cow, donkey, or pony | 5 cents |
| wagon, pushcart, or carriage | 5 cents |
| motorcycle and rider | 15 cents |
| one small runabout auto, two passenger car and driver | 20 cents |
| four or five passenger car and driver | 25 cents |
| six or more passenger car and driver | 30 cents |
| two ton truck or less with a driver | 50 cents |
| two ton truck or more with a driver | 75 cents |
Nearby military facilities would soon decide the future of the Mathers Bridge. In 1938, two naval bases were authorized for establishment on Florida's east coast. Intended to reinforce the Atlantic Coast Defense System, the site in Brevard County, northeast of the Mathers Bridge, was chosen. Construction of the Banana River Naval Air Station, as it was to be known, began in December 1939, and was opened in October 1940.[8] During the period around World War II, state highway projects in Florida were eliminated with the exception of projects related to military defense. Considered part of the defense network, the Florida State Road Department continued to maintain roads and improve highways and bridges that provided access to military bases. The State of Florida also eliminated tolls on bridges and other transportation facilities to reduce delays in military construction and movement of troops.[9] Located between Merritt Island and the Canaveral Peninsula, the Florida State Road Department purchased the Mathers Bridge in October 1944 for $12,000.00 because it, in conjunction with the Cocoa Causeway to the north, provided access from the mainland to the nearby Banana River Naval Air Station.[7] During World War II, recreational boating along the Intracoastal Waterway was eliminated due to the proximity to the Naval Air Station. The Mathers Bridge provided access to supplies for the Banana River Naval Air Station during the war. They were floated on a barge up the Banana River through the moveable bridge.[10]
Video
See Also
Web Links
Documents
References
- ↑ United States Geological Survey, Tropic, Florida Quadrangle 1949, Photorevised 1980, produced by the United States Department of Commerce, Coast and Geodetic Survey.
- ↑ State of Florida, Approval of Location and Plans of Bridge, Permit 7215, 823(5 I 2)(May 10, 1926). (Signed by Hanford MacNider, Assistant Secretary of War and Edgar Jadwin, Acting Chief Engineer) Permit on file with the United States Coast Guard, United States Department of Homeland Security, Bridge Division, Miami.
- ↑ Wright, Jaye. "1920s: An Explosion of Bridges," Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida) January 14, 1999.
- ↑ "Spotlight on Brevard History: Mathers Bridge," Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida) May 8, 2001.
- ↑ Smith, Henry B. Proposed Bridge Across Banana River, March 1926. Drawing on File, Mathers Bridge Over Banana River, United States Coast Guard, Office of Homeland Security, Bridge Division.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Jaye Wright, "1920s: An Explosion of Bridges," Florida Today; Jaye Wright, "Spotlight on Brevard History: Mathers Bridge," Florida Today; Chris Bruton, "And What a Bridge it is!" Florida-Times Union (.Jacksonville). Article on file. Merritt Island, Brevard County Public Library, Satellite Beach.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Spotlight on Brevard History: John R. Mathers," Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida) July 14, 2001.
- ↑ Lethbridge, Cliff. Cape Canaveral 500 Years of History 50 Years of Rocketry. Merritt Island, Florida: SpaceCoast Cover Service, 2000.
- ↑ King, Joseph E. The Historic Highway Bridges of Florida. Tallahassee: Florida Department of Transportation, Environmental Management Office, 1992.
- ↑ Bruton, Chris. "And What a Bridge it is!" Florida-Times Union (Jacksonville). Article on file, Merritt Island, Brevard County Public Library, Satellite Beach.
